* 22000 BC – Neanderthals disappear forever.
* 11000 BC – Amerindians initially colonize the New World via the Bering Strait.
* 3000 BC – Building of the Great Pyramid.
* 3000-1500 BC – Indus Valley Civilisation.
* 776 BC – First Olympiad in Greece.
* 753 BC – Foundation of Rome.
* 576 BC – Birth of Gautam Buddha.
* 528 BC – Buddha was enlightened under the Bodhi tree.
* 527 BC – Birth of Mahavir
* 490 BC – Greeks defeated the Persians at the Battle of Marathon.
* 360 BC – The period of Aristotle and Plato.
* 332 BC – Egypt conquered by Alexander.
* 327-326 BC – Alexander’s invasion of India. It opened a land route between India and Europe.
* 323 BC – Alexander dies at Babylon.
* 313 BC – Accession of Chandragupta Maurya according to Jain traditions.
* 273-232 BC – Ashoka’s reign.
* 261 BC – Conquest of Kalinga.
* 221 BC – Shih Huang Ti (259-210 BC), known as the “First Emperor” unified China for the first time. During his Chin Dynasty (221-210 BC), he initiated a centralized government, conducted a census and standardized the country’s currency, written language, laws, and weights & measures. He also began constructing the Great Wall of China.
* 214 BC – Work on the Great Wall of China begins.
* 55 BC – Julius Ceasar attacks Great Britain.
* 44 BC – Julius Caesar (102-44 BC) was assassinated by disgruntled colleagues after establishing the Roman Empire.
* 31 BC – Octavian (63 BC-14 AD), Caesar’s nephew, defeated Mark Antony (83-30 BC) & Queen Cleopatra (69-30 BC) at the Battle of Actium. Octavian declared himself Emperor Caesar Augustus in 30 BC, marking the birth of Imperial Rome.
* 4 BC – Birth of Jesus Christ.
* 29 AD – Crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
* 120 AD – Accession of Kanishka.
* 320 AD – Commencement of Gupta era. The golden age of Hindu India.
* 325 AD – Emperor Constantine (280-337 AD) embraced Christianity and initiated the Council of Nicaea where the differences between Eastern & Western factions of the Christian Church were resolved. The Council drafted the Nicene Creed, the basic Christian beliefs that became the dominant religion in Europe.
* 375 AD – Huns’ invasion of Europe.
* 380 AD – Accession of Vikramaditya.
* 476 AD – Last Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus (?-476 AD) taken prisoner at Ravenna in 476 AD by German King Odovacar, ending 505 years of the Roman Empire.
* 570 AD – Prophet Mohammed born at Mecca.
* 606-647 AD – Harshavardhan’s reign.
* 622 AD – Flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Madina.
* 632 AD – Death of Mohammed; Beginning of Hijiri Era.
* 712 AD – First invasion in Sind by Arabs.
* 711 AD – Arabs invade Spain.
* 732 AD – The Battle of Tours / The Battle of Portiers / The Court of the Martyrs (Arabic). The battle pitted Frankish and Burgundian [7][8] forces under Austrasian Mayor of the Palace Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by ‘Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Governor-general of al-Andalus. The Franks were victorious, ‘Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed, and Martel subsequently extended his authority in the south.
* 800 AD – Charlemagne (742-814) unified most of Europe under his rule. While attending Mass in Rome, he was unexpectedly crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by Pope Leo III.
* 985 AD – Accession of Rajaraja,the Chola ruler.
* 998 AD – Accession of Sultan Mahmud.
* 1001 AD – First invasion of India by Mahmud Chazni who defeated jaipal, ruler of Punjab.
* 1025 AD – Destruction of Somnath Temple by Mahmud Ghzni.
* 1066 AD – Norman invasion of England; Victory of William the Conquerer over the English King Harold II at Hastings.
* 1191 First Battle of Tarain.
* 1192 Second Battle of Tarain.
* 1206 Accession of Qutab-ud-din Aibak to the throne of Delhi.
* 1215 AD – At Runnymede, King John of England (1167-1216) signed the Magna Carta, a 63-part document of human rights that became the foundation of the English legal system.
* 1221 Changis Khan invaded India (Mongol invasion).
* 1236 Accession of Razia Sultan to the throne of Delhi.
* 1280 – Roger Bacon invents gunpowder.
* 1295 – Marco Polo (1254-1324) returns from China after a 20-year stay, seeing more of Asia than any other European of his day. His book The Travels of Marco Polo is one of the most influential travel book in history, inspiring others to find a shorter route to China.
* 1296 – Accession of Ala–ud-din Khilji.
* 1325 – Accession of Muhammad-bin Tughlaq.
* 1327 – Shifting of Capital from Delhi to Daulatabad to Deccan by the Tughlaqs.
* 1336 – Foundation of Vijayanagar empire in the South.
* 1338 – The Hundred years War broke out.
* 1348 – English faces Black Death Plague.
* 1351 – Accession of Feroze Shah.
* 1398 – Invasion of India by Timur Lang.
* 1453 – Turks captured Constantinople; Renaissance in Europe.
* 1456 – Johann Gutenberg (1400-1468) published the first mass-produced edition of the Bible in Mainz, Germany.
* 1492 – Discovery of America by Columbus.
* 1469 – Birth of Gurunanak.
* 1494 – Accession of Babar in Farghana.
* 1497-98 – First voyage of Vasco da Gama to India( discovery of sea route to India via the Cape of Good Hope.
* Martin Luther (1483-1546) nailed to the door of Wittenberg Cathedral “95 Theses Against the Sale of Indulgences” detailing the abuses of the Roman Church. This act marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.
* 1526 – First Battle of Panipat, Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi; Foundation of Mughal rule by Babar.
* 1530 – Death of Babar and accession of Humayun.
* 1539 – Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayan and became India’s emperor.
* 1556 – Second Battle of Panipat.
* 1588 – Spanish Armada defeated.
* 1600 – East India Company established.
* 1627 – Birth of Shivaji and death of Jehangir.
* 1628 – Shahjahan becomes emperor of India.
* 1631 – Death of Mumtaj Mahal.
* 1600 – British East India Company established in India.
* 1649 – Execution of Charles I.
* 1659 – Accession of Aurangzeb, Shahjahan imprisoned.
* 1660 – Monarchy restored in England.
* 1665 – Shivaji imprisoned by Aurangzeb, The Great Plague of England.
* 1666 – Death of Shahjahan.
* 1668 – Glorious Revolution in England.
* 1687 – Isaac Newton (1643-1727) published the Principia where he developed the three laws of motion, demonstrated the structure of the universe, the movement of the planets, and calculated the mass of the heavenly bodies.
* 1680 – Death of Shivaji.
* 1683 – The Battle of Vienna: The large-scale battle won by Polish-Austrian-German forces lead by King of Poland Jan III Sobieski against the Ottoman Empire army commanded by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, which took place on September 12, 1683 after Vienna had been besieged by Turks for two months. The battle broke the advance of the Ottoman Empire into Europe, and marked the political hegemony of Habsburg dynasty.
* 1704 – Battle of Blenheim.
* 1707 – Death of Aurangzeb, Union of England and Scotland.
* 1761 – Third Battle of Panipat.
* 1776 – Declaration of American Independence.
* 1789 – French Revolution; George Washington elected the first President of America.
* 1804 – Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) lifted the crown from the Pope’s hands and crowned himself Emperor at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. He would defeat the Russian & Austrian armies at Austerlitz in December 1805, the Prussians at Jena in 1806, and the Austrians at Friedland in 1807.
* 1805 – Battle of Trafalagar and Nelson’s death.
* 1815 – Battle of Waterloo; Napolean exiled to St. Helena.
* 1821 – Death of Napolean.
* 1829 – Practice of Sati Prohibited.
* 1832 – Reforms Bill passed in England
* 1833 – Death of Raja Ram Mohun Roy.
* 1837 – Queen Victoria’s accession to the throne of England.
* 1848 – A revolution in Paris brought the expulsion of King Louis-Philippe and established a Second Republic in France under Louis Napoleon (1808-1873). In this year of revolutions, Prince Metternich fled Vienna to England. Pope Pius IX fled from Rome.
* 1853 – First train in India runs from Bombay to Thane.US Navy Commodore Matthew Perry (1794-1858) sailed into Edo Bay, and demanded Japan open its harbors to American trade. The Treaty of Kanagawa was signed on March 31, 1854 to bring Japan’s closed feudal monarchy into the world community.
* 1859 – Charles Darwin (1809-1882) published The Origin of Species, stating that species evolved because nature selected those animals and plants best suited to specific environments.
* 1861 – Birth of Rabindranath Tagore, Beginning of the American Civil War.
* 1863 – Slavery abolished in USA
* 1865 – Assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
* 1906 – Foundation of Muslim League.
* 1917 – Russian Revolution.
* 1918 – End of World War I.
* 1919 – Treaty of Versailles signed.
* 1920 – Formation of the League of Nations.
* 1923 – Turkey declared Republic.
* 1929 – New York Stock Market crashed on Black Tuesday where stocks tumbled across the board. It was the most disastrous trading day in the stock market’s history. Billions of dollars in open market values were wiped out.
* 1933 – Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany.
* 1936 – Beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
* 1939 – World War II begins.
* 1941 – Russia invaded by Hitler; Pearl Harbour invaded by Japan.
* 1944 – General Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) led the Allied Invasion of Normandy on D-Day. 2.9 million Allied troops, 15,000 planes, and 5000 ships were mobilized in crossing the English Channel to land on the beaches of Normandy. Paris was liberated from German rule on August 25 and Brussels on September 2.
* 1945 – Establishment of UNO; End of World War II; Hiroshima and Nagasaki experience the first dropping of the Atom Bomb; Death of President Roosevelt.
* 1946 – Civil War in China.
* 1948 – Burma and Ceylon get independence.
* 1949 – Indonesia gets independence; The Communists capture power in China.
* 1952 – General Eisenhower elected as the American President.
* 1953 – Death of Stalin; Mt. Everest conquered for the first time.
* 1954 – Military Aid Pact between China and Pakistan; Chou En-lai visits India.
* 1955 – Austria gets independence; Bandung Conference.
* 1956 – Suez Canal nationalised by President Nasser; Egypt attacked by the forces of Britain; France and Israel.
* 1957 – First artificial satellite launched by Russia.
* 1958 – Egypt and Syria united and renamed United Arab Republic (UAR)
* 1959 – Chinese capture Tibet; Dalai Lama flees to India; Sputnik launched by Russia.
* 1960 – Explosion of an atom bomb device by France; Election of John F. Kennedy as President of USA
* 1961 – Yuri Gagarin of USSR becomes the first spaceman.
* 1962 – The first American to orbit the Earth was John Glenn on February 20, 1962.
* 1963 – Partial Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty signed; Malaysia established; John F. Kennedy assassinated.
* 1965 – Death of Sir Winston Churchill; Singapore becomes the sovereign independent nation; outbreak of Indo-Pak war.
* 1966 – Tashkent Pact; A Russian aircraft lands on moon.
* 1967 – Chinese explode hydrogen bomb; Arab-Israel War; Suez Canal closed.
* 1971 – Outbreak of Indo-Pak war; Birth of Bangladesh; Surrender of 93,000 Pakistani troops; Khruschev died; Z.A. Bhutto new President of Pakistan.
* 1972 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman freed from Pakistani Jail and assumed the office of P.M. Bangladesh; Nixon of USA visited China; King Mahendra of Nepal died; USA and the USSR sign Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty.
* 1973 – Outbreak of fourth Arab-Israeli war; Fourth non-aligned summit in Algiers.
* 1975 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of Bangladesh assassinated; King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, assassinated; Suez Canal reopened; Red Cross force Cambodia Government to Surrender.
* 1976 – Chou-En Lai, P.M. of China, died; Seychelles gets independence; Viking I lands on Mars; Mao Tse-tung died; Jimmy Carter elected President of USA
* 1978 – Agreement between Israel and Egypt; Vietnam attacked Cambodia; Z.A. Bhutto, former P.M. of Pakistan, sentenced to death; Bloody coup in Afghanistan; Mohammed Daoud assassinated; World’s first test-tube baby born.
* 1979 – Chinese aggression in Vietnam; Cambodian rebels grab power in Pnom Penh; Mr. Z.A. Bhutto hanged; Mrs. Margaret Thatcher is the first woman P.M. of Britain.
* 1980 – War starts between Iran and Iraq; Ronald Reagon elected USA President.
* 1982 – Falklands, captured by Argentina; Israel attacks South Lebanon; Argentina forces surrender to British; P.L.O. Chief Yesser Arafat leaves Beirut; Bashir Gemyel, the President elect of Lebanon, assassinated; Soviet President breathes his last.
* 1983 – US attacks Grenada; USA withdraws from UNESCO.
* 1985 – India gets Presidentship of UN Security Council; Soviet President, Mr. Konstantin Chernenko, dies; Vietnam withdraws troops from Kampuchia.
* 1986 – American air attack on Libya.
* 1987 – Nuclear tests by USSR; Fresh proposal by Gorbachev; Group 77 meet at Havana; Unsuccessful military coup in Philippines, Prime Minister of Lebanon killed.
* 1988 – WHO observes 7th of April as no smoking day, French President re-elected, Gen. Zia-ul-Haq killed in plane crash, Quake kills about 1,000 people in Bihar (India), George Bush elected President of USA, Arafat declares on independent state of Palestine, Nearly 1,00,000 people killed in earthquake in Armenia.
* 1989 – The UN Peace keeping force starts implementation of UN Resolution 435 for the independence of Namibia.
* 1990 – The Panamanian President surrenders to the United States. South Africa lifts lean on African National Congress. Lithuania declares independence from the Soviet Union. Namibia becomes a free nation.
Iraq overruns Kuwait. East and West Germanys unite.
* 1991 – War breaks out in the Gulf, With the defeat of Iraq and freedom of Kuwait, Gulf war ends.
* 1993 –
5 new members of security council START II treaty between Russian & US Presidents, Security Council resolution on Angola, Emergency in Zambia, Elections in Australia.
* 1994 – South Africa emerged from aparted regime with Nelson Mandela as its president. GATT treaty signed to create World Trade Organisation (WTO).
* 1995 – WTO comes into existence. Nuclear test by France. Balkan peace accord signed.
* 1996 – Kofi Annan new UN Secretary General. Clinton re-elected US President. India refuses to sign CTBT. Shekh Hasina Wajed new PM of Bangladesh. Taliban capture Kabul and execute former communist
President Najibullah.
* 1997 – Tony Blair back in power in UK. Mohd. Khatami elected president of Iran. Hong Kong goes back to China after 99 year British rule.
* 1998 – Indonesian President Suharto resigns. Pakistan test fires `Gauri’ missile. US President Clinton faces impeachment.
* 1999 – G-15 Summit ends. Yugoslavia accepts a peace plan for Kosovo.
* 2000 – Thai commandor rescue 700 hostages from a capital Ratchabuh. India-China sign agreement on Information Technology, World Aids Day observed.
* 2001 – Goerge W. Bush, was sworn in as the 43rd President of the United States. Heritage destroy of Bamiyan Buddha in Afghanistan by Taliban. Massacred of Nepal Royal family. Terrorist attacks on America by Taliban Supremo Osama bin Laden.
* 2002 – `Euro’ becomes the official currency of 12 European countries. A new nation East Timor came into existence. Switzerland and East Timor becomes the 190th & 191th member of the UN.
* 2003 – Germany, Spain, Pakistan, Chile and Angola take rotating two-year seats on the UN Security Council; Iraq and the UN sign a 10-point agreement to facilitate the work of disarmament monitors; India-born American astronaut Kalpana Chawla and six other crew of the STS-107 space shuttle mission were killed as the US space shuttle Columbia disintegrates over Texas; name of Yugoslavia has been changed, it became Serbia and Montenegro; Australia win ICC World Cup by defeating India, war between US and Iraq; International criminal court was launched. WTO ministerial conference held in Cancun. India and ASEAN signed three accord. Over 20,000 people are killed as a major earthquake
destroys the Iranian Fort city Bam.
* 2004 – India-Pakistan air links resume, the 12th SAARC Summit concludes in Islamabad after the signing of historic Agreement on Free Trade, Additional Protocol on Terrorism and Social Charter. NASA announced that it would name the spot where the robot probe Spirit landed successfully, in the memory of seven astronauts of the space shuttle Columbia. The US declares Mr. Saddam Hussein a prisoner of war. Pakistan has been readjusted to the common wealth. United States hand over political authority to Iraq. The 28th Olympics start in Athens. Russian Parliament ratifics the Kyoto Protocol, Yasser Arafat dies in Paris. Taslima Nasreen awarded UNESCO tolerance and non-violence Prize.
* 2005 – India and Pakistan agree to allow travel by bus across the Line of Control between Srinagar and Muzaffarabad, Microsoft founder, The U.S. Senate approves Michael d. Griffin as NASA chief, Kuwaiti Parliament grants women the right to vote and run in elections, Latvia ratifies E.U. Constitution, The sixth book by J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince, hits the stands worldwide, Junichiro Koizumi is reelected Japanese Premier by the new House of Representatives at a special session in Tokyo, The Dhaka Declaration decides to set up a SAARC poverty Alleviation Fund and to declare 2006-2015 the SAARC Decade of Poverty Alleviation, The Kyoto protocol on limiting pollution becomes fully operational, Evo Morales wins Bolivian presidential polls, The Galileo navigational telescope is launched from Kazakhstan.
* 2006 – SAFTA comes into effect. Sirleaf sworn in as Liberian president. Chile elected socialist Michelle Bachelet to be its first woman president. 18th CWG held in Melbourne (Australia). UNO passed a resolution for new Human Rights Council. UN General Assembly has approved Ban-Ki-Moon as the new Secretary General. North Korea conducted an underground Nuclear test. 15th Asian Games were held in Doha (Qatar) in December 2006.
* 2007 – Bangladesh declares a state of emergency. Nepal’s Parliament unanimously approves the interim Constitution. 14th SAARC Summit held in New Delhi (India). Australia won the World Cup Cricket tournament, 2007. G-8 Summit held in Heilligendamm, Berlin (Germany). Viktor Zubkov has been appointed as a new Prime Minister of Russia. Yasuo Fukuda was sworn in as the Prime Minister of Japan. India won the Twenty-20 World Cup Cricket Championship over Pakistan in South Africa. Nobel Prize 2007 has ben announced.
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